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Here's a list of the modal verbs in English:
| can | could | may | might | will |
| would | must | shall | should | ought to |
Modals are different from normal verbs:
1: They don't use an 's' for the third person singular.
2: They make questions by inversion ('she can go' becomes 'can she go?')
3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without 'to')
First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is happening / will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'.
For example:
We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.
For example:
We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice.
For example:
We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed.
For example:
We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in the past.
For example:
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With most verbs the past tense is formed by adding -ed:
call >> called; like >> liked; want >> wanted; work >> worked
But there are a lot of irregular past tenses in English.(Look at next post)
We use the past tense to talk about:
I met my wife in 1983.
We went to Spain for our holidays.
They got home very late last night.
When I was a boy I walked a mile to school every day.
We swam a lot while we were on holiday.
They always enjoyed visiting their friends.
I lived abroad for ten years.
He enjoyed being a student.
She played a lot of tennis when she was younger.
I met my wife a long time ago.
We use did to make questions with the past tense:
When did you meet your wife?
Where did you go for your holidays?
Did she play tennis when she was younger?
Did you live abroad?
But look at these questions:
Who discovered penicillin?
Who wrote Don Quixote?
For more on these questions see question forms
We use didn’t (did not) to make negatives with the past tense:
They didn’t go to Spain this year.
We didn’t get home until very late last night.
I didn’t see you yesterday.
A)A family tree of Anne and Ivan Leven’s relatives or relations.
Ivan and Anne and their children
Ivan is Anne’s husband and Karen and Jack’s father.
Anne is Ivan’s wife and Karen and Jack’s mother.
Anne and Ivan are Karen and Jack’s parents.
Karen is Anne and Ivan’s daughter .Jack is their son.
Karen is Jack’s sister .Jack is Karen’s brother.
Henry and Diana
Henry is Karen and Jack’s grandfather .Diana is their grandmother.
Henry and Diana are Karen and Jack’s grandparents.
Karen is their granddaughter .Jack is their grandson.
Amelia, George and Meena
George is Karen and Jack’s uncle.
Amelia and Meena are Karen and Jack’s aunts.
Karen is Amelia, George and Meena’s nice .Jack is their nephew.
Kavita and Amal are Karen and Jack’s cousins.
B) Expressions
Have you got any brothers and sisters? No, I am an only child.
Do you come from a big family? Yes, I have three brothers and two sisters.
Tip: We say ‘my/his wife’(singular) but ‘our/their wives’(plural).
Tip: We will talk about relationships later.
A)Use the present continuous tense (also called present progressive) for an action that is happening at the moment of speaking. Use the present continuous for an action that is in progress at the present period of time, but may not be happening at the exact time of speaking. You can use words like this week, this month, this year, these days and today .
I'm eating dinner now.
Are you talking on the telephone?
I'm learning how to drive.
I'm going to work on the bus this week.
Is he studying ESL Level 6 this semester?
B)Use the simple present for regular routines or habits. You can use words like always,usually, never, every day, and twice a week to show how often.
I go to school every day.
Do you usually drive to school?
He doesn't drink coffee in the morning.
She often buys the newspaper on the corner.
I talk on the phone now. is not correct.
I'm waiting for the bus every day. is not correct.
I'm not often buying the newspaper on the corner. is not correct.
C)Use the simple present with stative (non-action) verbs; for example, with verbs about feelings, such as want, like, prefer, love, and hate.
I hate coffee.
She loves to swim in the ocean.
Do they like coffee?
I am liking coffee. is not correct.
D)Use the simple present with verbs of the senses, such as see, hear, taste, and smell.
They don't see the car.
This tastes wonderful.
The garbage smells bad.
Use look, taste and smell in the present continuous to talk about an action that someone is taking. Use the simple present for habitual activities or when there is no action.
I'm smelling the rose now. (I picked the rose up and brought it to my nose and sniffed--an action.)
I smell the rose now. (The smell of the rose is very strong and I notice it with my nose. I didn't try to take an action.)
The rose smells good. (There is no action.)
He's looking at the blackboard.(He moved his eyes to see the blackboard.)
That book looks very interesting.(This is an opinion; there is no action.)
She's tasting the soup.(She is putting some soup in her mouth to see how it tastes.)
She tastes the soup whenever she makes it.(This is a habitual activity. She does the same thing every time.)
The soup tastes good.(This is an opinion. There is no action.)
The soup is tasting good. is not correct.
The bus is smelling bad. is not correct.
I taste the soup now to see if it needs salt. is not correct.
The movie is looking very interesting. is not correct.
E)Use the simple present for verbs used with opinions and beliefs, such as know, think, understand, believe, mean, and remember.
I don't understand your idea.
Do you think he will come to school tomorrow?
What does "terrific" mean?
Use the present continuous of think to talk about an action someone is taking at the time of speaking; use the simple present of think when there is no action, but just an opinion. You can also use the simple present of think for habitual actions.
Why are you just sitting there? I'm thinking about my homework. (This is an action.)
I think John will buy a new car next week.(This is an opinion; there is no action.)
I often think about my family.(This is a habitual action.)
I am thinking that he will come to the party next week. is not correct.
What are you doing? I think about my family. is not correct.
F)Use the simple present for verbs about possession, such as have, own, and belong.
He doesn't have a new car.
They own their house.
That car belongs to me.
Tip:Have should always be in the simple present tense for the meaning to own, or to describe medical problems. For example:
They have a new car.
I have a bad cold.
I'm having a cold. is not correct.
He is having a house. is not correct.
G)Have can also have other meanings, and be an action verb. Then it can be in either tense, depending on the meaning. Here are some examples:
Have meaning eat or drink:
He's having lunch.
They're having tea.
I have lunch at 12:00 every day.
Have meaning give, like a party.
She's having a party.
They have a party once a month.
Have meaning give birth.
She is at the hospital because she's having a baby
Have meaning experience.
I'm having a good day.
We always have a good time on vacation.
H)Use the simple present with other common non-stative verbs, such as be, cost, and seem.
How much does that cost?
This exercise seems easy.
He is tired.
Getting Sterted